High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Pauling's rules are five rules published by Linus Pauling in 1929 for determining the crystal structures of complex ionic crystals .A coordinated polyhedron of anions is formed about each cation, the cation-anion distance determined by the sum of ionic radii and the coordination number (C.N.) by the radius ratio. The numbers in the table are mathematically derived minimum radius ratios for that geometry. An octahedron may form with a radius ratio greater than or equal to .414, but as the ratio rises above .732, a cubic conformation becomes more stable. It should be emphasized that these mathematically derived ratios are deviated from in practice; thus, octahedral salt structures with a radius ratio of less than .414 or more than .732 have been observed. If the radius ratio falls below the minimum calculated for ions modeled as spherical balls, it is presumed that the ions are compressed into oblong balls that are not perfect spheres.

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