High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Avogadro's Number, kB is Boltzmann's Constant, T is absolute temperature, and bar{mu} is "mean molecular weight," i.e. the atomic weight of an average gas particle. For example, the mean molecular weight of pure, ionized hydrogen is 0.5 (one atomic mass unit but two particles, the electron and the proton) and that of pure, ionized helium is 4/3 (four AMU and three particles). Sometimes the word polytrope may be used to refer to an equation of state that looks similar to the thermodynamic relation above, although this is potentially confusing and is to be avoided. It is preferable to refer to the fluid itself (as opposed to the solution of the Lane-Emden equation) as a polytropic fluid. The equation of state of a polytropic fluid is general enough that such idealized fluids find wide use outside of the limited problem of polytropes.

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