The Pratt & Whitney JT12 and J60 are small turbojets. The JFTD-12 (military designation T73) is a related turboshaft engine. Turboshaft versions for naval use are known as the FT12. The J60 conception and project design began in July 1957 at United Aircraft of Canada, Montreal (now Pratt & Whitney Canada). The project design details were transferred to the main P&W company in East Hartford. In May 1958, the first prototype, with military designation YJ60-P-1, was decided jointly with the USAF and US Navy. Flight tests were completed in early 1959; followed by the delivery of the new JT12A-5 engines in July 1959. These were for the two Canadair CL-41 prototype trainers with a rating of 12.9 kN (2,900 lb st). The modified JT12A-3 turbojets with a basic rating of 14.69 kN (3,300 lb st) were tested in the two Lockheed XV-4A Hummingbird VTOL research aircraft. The next version, JT12A-21, had an afterburner which delivered a maximum thrust of 17.91 kN (4,025 lb st).

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