Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The syntax and semantics of the Prolog programming language is the set of rules that defines how a Prolog program is written and how it is interpreted. The rules are laid out in ISO standard ISO/IEC 13211 although there are differences in the Prolog implementations. Prolog's single data type is the term. Terms are either atoms, numbers, variables or compound terms. An atom is a general-purpose name with no inherent meaning. It is composed of a sequence of characters that is parsed by the Prolog reader as a single unit. Atoms are usually bare words in Prolog code, written with no special syntax. However, atoms containing spaces or certain other special characters must be surrounded by single quotes. Atoms beginning with a capital letter must also be quoted, to distinguish them from variables. The empty list, written, is also an atom. Other examples of atoms include x, blue, 'Taco', and 'some atom'.

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