Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Propidium iodide (or PI) is an intercalating agent and a fluorescent molecule with a molecular mass of 668.4 Da that can be used to stain DNA. When excited with 488 nm wavelength light, it fluoresces red and can be detected with 562-588 nm band pass filter. Propidium iodide is used as a DNA stain for both flow cytometry to evaluate cell viability or DNA content in cell cycle analysis and microscopy to visualise the nucleus and other DNA containing organelles. It can be used to differentiate necrotic, apoptotic and normal cells. Propidium Iodide is the most commonly used dye to quantitatively assess DNA content. Propidium iodide (PI) binds to DNA by intercalating between the bases with little or no sequence preference and with a stoichiometry of one dye per 4–5 base pairs of DNA. PI also binds to RNA, necessitating treatment with nucleases to distinguish between RNA and DNA staining.

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