High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In chemistry, protonation is the addition of a proton (H+) to an atom, molecule, or ion. Protonation is possibly the most fundamental chemical reaction and is a step in many stoichiometric and catalytic processes. Some ions and molecules can undergo more than one protonation and are labeled polybasic. This is true of many biological macromolecules. Molecules which can be deprotonated are acids, or polyacids if more than one proton can be removed. Upon protonating a substrate, the mass and the charge of the species each increase by one unit. Protonating or deprotonating a molecule or ion alters many chemical properties beyond the change in the charge and mass: hydrophilicity, reduction potential, optical properties, among others. Protonation is also an essential step in certain analytical procedures such as electrospray mass spectrometry. Protonation and deprotonation occur in most acid-base reactions; they are the core of most acid-base reaction theories. A Bronsted-Lowry acid is defined as a chemical substance that protonates another substance.

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