Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The so-called Pseudo-Seneca is a Roman bronze bust of the late 1st century BCE that was discovered at Herculaneum in 1754, the finest example of about two dozen examples depicting the same face. It was originally believed to depict Seneca the Younger, the notable Roman philosopher, because its emaciated features were supposed to reflect his stoic philosophy. However, modern scholars agree it is likely a fictitious portrait, likely of either Hesiod or Aristophanes. It is thought that the original example was a lost Greek bronze of ca. 200 BCE. The bust is conserved in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples. The type of this bust was first given its identification as a "genuine" contemporary portrait of Seneca by Gallaeus Theodor Galle, in an Antwerp republication of Fulvio Orsini's Imagines et Elogia Virorum Illustrium et Eruditor ex Antiquis Lapidibus et Nomismatib[us]... at a time when the exemplary image of the great man was more inspiring than the quality and character of the work of art that embodied it.

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