High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! For an optical fiber or waveguide, a radiation mode or unbound mode is a mode which is not confined by the fiber core. Such a mode has fields that are transversely oscillatory everywhere external to the waveguide, and exists even at the limit of zero wavelength. Specifically, a radiation mode is one for which beta = sqrt{n^2(a) k^2 -(l/a)^2} where ? is the imaginary part of the axial propagation constant, integer l is the azimuthal index of the mode, n(r) is the refractive index at radius r, a is the core radius, and k is the free-space wave number, k = 2?/?, where ? is the wavelength. Radiation modes correspond to refracted rays in the terminology of geometric optics.

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