High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A random permutation is a random ordering of a set of objects, that is, a permutation-valued random variable. The use of random permutations is often fundamental to fields that use randomized algorithms. Such fields include coding theory, cryptography, and simulation. A good example of a random permutation is the shuffling of a deck of cards. This is ideally a random permutation of the 52 cards. One method of generating a random permutation of a set of length n uniformly at random is to generate a sequence by taking a random number between 1 and n sequentially. A simple algorithm to generate a permutation of n items uniformly at random without retries, known as the Knuth shuffle, is to start with the identity permutation or any other permutation, and then go through the positions 1 through n?1, and for each position i swap the element currently there with an arbitrarily chosen element from positions i through n, inclusive.

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