High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) based genome engineering is a genome editing platform centered around the use of rAAV vectors that enables insertion, deletion or substitiution of DNA sequences into the genomes of live mammalian cells. The technique builds on Capecchi and Smithies’ Nobel Prize winning discovery that homologous recombination (HR), a natural DNA repair mechanism, can be harnessed to perform precise genome alterations in mice. rAAV mediated genome improves the efficiency of this technique to permit genome engineering in any pre-established and differentiated human cell line, which in contrast to mouse ES cells, have low rates of HR.