High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! A roasting jack is a machine which rotates meat roasting on a spit. It can also be called a turnspit, although this name can also refer to a human turning the spit, or a turnspit dog. Cooking meat on a spit dates back at least to the first century BC, but at first spits were turned by human power. In Britain, starting in the Tudor period, dog-powered turnspits were used; the dog ran in a treadmill linked to the spit by belts and pulleys. Other forms of roasting jacks included the clock jack, driven by weights or springs, the steam jack, driven by steam, and the smoke jack, driven by hot gas rising from the fire. A steam-powered roasting jack, in the form of a rudimentary steam turbine attached to a spit, was described by the Ottoman engineer Taqi al-Din in his Al-Turuq al-samiyya fi al-alat al-ruhaniyya (The Sublime Methods of Spiritual Machines), in 1551. A steam-powered turnspit was also briefly mentioned by John Wilkins in his book Mathematical Magick (1648.) A steam-driven jack was patented by the American clockmaker John Bailey II in 1792, and steam jacks were later commercially available in the United States.

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