High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Russian Republic (Russian: Российская республика, translit. Rossiyskaya respublika) was a short-lived political entity occupying the territory of the former Russian Empire during the 1917 struggle for power that ended with the October Revolution and the establishment the Soviet regime. The Provisional Government of Russia (Russian: Временное правительство России) was established to rule the territories of the Russian Empire after the revolution of February (March in the Gregorian calendar) 1917.