Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Sortase refers to a group of prokaryotic enzymes which form pili act as both proteases and transpeptidases. Sortase, a transpeptidase present in almost all Gram-positive bacteria, anchors a range of important surface proteins to the cell wall. Sortase homologues are found in almost all Gram-positives, a single Gram-negative (Shewanella putrefaciens) and an archaean (Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum), where cell wall LPXTG-mediated decoration has not been reported. The Staphylococcus aureus sortase is a transpeptidase that attaches surface proteins to the cell wall; it cleaves between the Gly and Thr of the LPXTG motif and catalyses the formation of an amide bond between the carboxyl-group of threonine and the amino-group of the cell-wall peptidoglycan.

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