It is important to study target genes that control de novo fatty acid biosynthesis and triacylglycerol in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). At least 5 recessive alleles condition the low palmitic acid (16:0) contents of soybean seeds: fap1, fap3, fap*, fapnc and sop1. The fapnc mutation affects the normal function of the enzyme 16:0-ACP thioesterase encoded by the gene FATB1. There are four FATB1 isoforms in soybean: GmFATB1a, GmFATB1b, GmFATB2a, and GmFATB2b. At least three major loci are responsible for low linolenic acid (18:3) content in soybean seed oil (fan, fan2 and fan3). The FAD3 gene encodes an omega-3 desaturase that converts 18:2 to 18:3. It has four highly similar microsomal isoforms: GmFAD3A and GmFAD3B, FAD3-2a and FAD3-2b. The root and leaf tissue fatty acid composition of two lines carrying the fapnc, fap1, the fan(PI123440) (a SNP in intron 2 of GmFAD3A) alleles and Brim a high yielding line, was examined. It was concluded that fapnc or fap1 or both mutations have pleiotropic effects on the leaf fatty acid composition. The fan mutation has a pleiotropic effects on the leaf and root fatty acid composition but has not been negatively correlated with yield.

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