High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! State atheism has been defined by David Kowalewski as the official "promotion of atheism" by a government, typically by active suppression of religious freedom and practice. As a strict rule (a period in Revolutionary France being a possible exception), only Marxist governments have ever sought to promote atheism as a public norm, and as a rule in accordance with the doctrine of dialectical materialism. State atheism may include active opposition to religion, and persecution of religious institutions, leaders and believers. However, whether such persecution was truly motivated by atheism is disputed by others. The Soviet Union had a long history of state atheism, in which social success largely required individuals to reject theism and stay away from churches; this attitude was especially militant under Stalin. The Soviet Union attempted to suppress religion over wide areas of its influence, including places like central Asia. The Socialist People's Republic of Albania under Enver Hoxha went so far as to officially ban the practice of every religion.

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