The construction of the PolarDARN radars at Rankin Inlet and Inuvik, completed in December, 2007, allowed polar cap convection to be measured at high latitudes. Because the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) is important in reconnection, studies of the IMF components Bx, By and Bz and solar magnetic sector boundary were done. Several PolarDARN studies are represented to show convection for different IMF clock angles and seasons. For conditions when the IMF clock angle was in the range 0° to +30°, or -30° to 0°, the convection can be driven strictly by the two types of interchange reconnection (Russell and Tanaka), resulting in a "reciprocal cell" on closed field lines and an "interchange merging cell" surrounding an interior lobe cell, as predicted by the new 3D topological "null-separator" formulation led by Dr. M. Watanabe. Anyone interested in space physics, especially magnetic reconnection and convection, the radar ACF technique and Twin - Terminated Folded Dipole Antenna (TTFD), and recent deep sunspot minimum and space weather may utilize this book.

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