The key design of any liquid crystal display, modulator or cell is layered structure. Located between two flat surfaces LC material is oriented by the surface through surface-LC anchoring interaction. This book describes two original methods for determination of polar anchoring coefficient: electrical (capacity measurement) and optical (reflection measurement). The methods apply novel compensation principle to increase the accuracy. Multidomain patterning of alignment layer structure allows modifying the anchoring properties to reach the best performance of LC device. Investigation of domain size influence on polar anchoring energy and pretilt angle is presented. Impotence of interlayer interactions becomes apparent in ferroelectric liquid crystals. Study of dipole-dipole interactions afforded ground for unifying theory of ferroelectric, antiferroelectric and twisted phases. The theory developed here also explains the intermediate antiferri phase. Developed FLC modulator is applied for size reduction of Zeeman laser stabilization system. Book can be interesting for specialist in condensed matter theory, LC devices and biological layered structures.

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