High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! TCP tuning techniques adjust the network congestion avoidance parameters of TCP connections over high-bandwidth, high-latency networks. Well-tuned networks can perform up to 10 times faster in some cases. Bandwidth-delay product (BDP) is a term primarily used in conjunction with the TCP to refer to the number of bytes necessary to fill a TCP "path", i.e. it is equal to the maximum number of simultaneous bits in transit between the transmitter and the receiver. High performance networks have very large BDPs. To give a practical example, two nodes communicating over a geostationary satellite link with a round trip delay of 0.5 seconds and a bandwidth of 10 Gbit/s can have up to 0.5x1010 bits, i.e., 5 Gbit = 625 MB of unacknowledged data in flight in each direction. Despite having much lower latencies than satellite links, even terrestrial fiber links can have very high BDPs because their link speeds are so high. Operating systems and protocols designed as recently as a few years ago when networks were slower were tuned for BDPs of orders of magnitude smaller, with implications for tuning.

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