High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ten Bulls or Ten Ox Herding Pictures (Japanese: jugyu, Chinese: shiniu) is, in the tradition of Zen Buddhism, a series of short poems and accompanying pictures that are intended to illustrate the stages of a Mahayana Buddhist practitioner's progression towards enlightenment, as well as his or her subsequent perfection of wisdom. The pictures first appeared in their present form, as drawn by the Chinese Chan (Zen) master Kuoan Shiyuan, in the 12th century, and may represent a Zen Buddhist interpretation of the ten stages experienced by a Bodhisattva as outlined in various Mahayana sutras, most particularly the Avatamsaka Sutra. Each picture is accompanied by commentary in prose and verse. The pictures and texts are believed to be based on the work of an earlier Daoist scholar. They first became widely known in the West after their inclusion in the 1957 book, Zen Flesh, Zen Bones: A Collection of Zen and Pre-Zen Writings, by Paul Reps and Nyogen Senzaki.

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