The Analyst, subtitled A DISCOURSE Addressed to an Infidel Mathematician, is a book published by George Berkeley in 1734. The "infidel mathematician" is believed to have been Edmond Halley or Sir Isaac Newton. In the latter case, no reply would have been possible, as Newton died in 1727. The Analyst was a direct attack on the foundations and principles of the infinitesimal calculus, specifically on Newton's notion of fluxions and on Leibniz's notion of infinitesimal change. According to historian of science Judith Grabiner, “Berkeley’s criticisms of the rigor of the calculus were witty, unkind, and—with respect to the mathematical practices he was criticizing—essentially correct”(Grabiner 1997). Berkeley sought to defend religion by showing that the calculus, which grounded religion's new rival, natural philosophy (the predecessor of today's physics), led to paradox and absurdity

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