My thesis is that apocalypticism is a response to the canonical Torah. I used canonical analysis, coming from B. S. Childs and J. A. Sanders, with the view that the authority lies in the dialogue between community and the text. The challenge of new revelation and the question about Moses’ authority caused the tension between Divine Presence tradition and Law tradition in the Canonical Torah to develop into the conflict between the Heavenly Ascent and Law traditions, which produced two early apocalypses. The Book of Watchers criticized the illegitimacy of the Second Temple and the impurity of the Jerusalem priesthood, and challenged the exclusivity of Moses’ authority with the Heavenly Ascent tradition. The Book of Daniel defended Moses’authority, and suppressed the concept of Heavenly Ascent with the Law tradition under Moses’ authority by suggesting that new revelation is available to those who are faithful to the Law of Moses, or new revelation must be identified with the interpretation of the Law of Moses.

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