High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Tocris Bioscience is a supplier of chemicals, peptides and antibodies as biological tools. These are useful as GPCR agonists and antagonists, nuclear receptor ligands, ion channel modulators and signal transduction inhibitors for pre-clinical research.In biology, signal transduction is a mechanism that converts a mechanical or chemical stimulus to a cell into a specific cellular response. Signal transduction starts with a signal to a receptor, and ends with a change in cell behavior.Transmembrane receptors move across the cell membrane, with half of the receptor outside the cell and the other half inside the cell. The signal, such as a chemical signal, binds to the outer half of the receptor, which changes its shape and conveys another signal inside the cell. Sometimes there is a long cascade of signals, one after the other. Eventually, the signal creates a change in the cell, either in the DNA of the nucleus or the cytoplasm outside the nucleus.

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