Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Topoisomerases are enzymes that unwind and wind DNA, in order for DNA to control the synthesis of proteins, and to facilitate DNA replication. The enzyme is necessary due to inherent problems caused by the DNA's double helix. The structure of DNA is a double-stranded helix, wherein the four bases, adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are paired and stored in the center of this helix. While this structure provides a stable means of storing the genetic code, Watson and Crick noted that the two strands of DNA are intertwined, and this would require the two strands to be untwisted in order to access the information stored. However they also foresaw that there would be some mechanism to overcome this problem.

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