Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF- ) superfamily is a large family of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF- 1, originally described in 1983.Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. TGF-beta-1 is a peptide of 112 amino acid residues derived by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal of a precursor protein. These proteins interact with a conserved family of cell surface serine/threonine-specific protein kinase receptors, and generate intracellular signals using a conserved family of proteins called SMADs. They play fundamental roles in the regulation of basic biological processes such as growth, development, tissue homeostasis and regulation of the immune system.

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