Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Type II topoisomerases cut both strands of the DNA helix simultaneously in order to unwind it. The energy required for this is the hydrolysis of ATP unlike type I topoisomerase which is thermodynamically favored. In this process these enzymes change the linking number of circular DNA by +/-2.Once cut, the ends of the DNA are separated, and a second DNA duplex is passed through the break. Following passage, the cut DNA is religated. This reaction allows type II topoisomerases to increase or decrease the linking number of a DNA loop by 2 units, and promotes chromosome disentanglement. Reactions involving the increase in supercoiling require two molecules of ATP.

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