High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In mathematics, vector spherical harmonics (VSH) are an extension of the scalar spherical harmonics for the use with vector fields. In mathematics, the spherical harmonics are the angular portion of a set of solutions to Laplace's equation. Represented in a system of spherical coordinates, Laplace's spherical harmonics Y_ell^m are a specific set of spherical harmonics that forms an orthogonal system, first introduced by Pierre Simon de Laplace. Spherical harmonics are important in many theoretical and practical applications, particularly in the computation of atomic orbital electron configurations, representation of gravitational fields, geoids, and the magnetic fields of planetary bodies and stars, and characterization of the cosmic microwave background radiation.

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