Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) describes a system in which electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles communicate with the power grid to sell demand response services by either delivering electricity into the grid or by throttling their charging rate. Vehicle-to-grid can be used with such gridable vehicles, this is, plugin vehicles (this is, electric vehicles as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) or Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles), with grid capacity. Since most vehicles are parked an average of 95 percent of the time, their batteries could be used to let electricity flow from the car to the power lines and back, with a value to the utilities of up to $4,000 per year per car.

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