High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Voltage-dependent calcium channels are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in excitable cells with a permeability to the ion Ca2+. At physiologic or resting membrane potential, VDCCs are normally closed. They are activated (i.e., opened) at depolarized membrane potentials and this is the source of the "voltage-dependent" epithet. Activation of particular VDCCs allows Ca2+ entry into the cell, which, depending on the cell type, results in muscular contraction, excitation of neurons, up-regulation of gene expression, or release of hormones or neurotransmitters. Voltage-dependent calcium channels are formed as a complex of several different subunits: ?1, ?2?, ?1-4, and ?. The ?1 subunit forms the ion conducting pore while the associated subunits have several functions including modulation of gating.

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