High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haffkine, CIE (Russian: Мордехай-Вольф Хавкин) (15 March 1860, Odessa,Russian Empire - 26 October 1930, Lausanne, Switzerland) was a Russian Jewish bacteriologist, whose career was blighted in Russia because "he refused to convert to Russian Orthodoxy." He emigrated and worked at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where he developed an anti-cholera vaccine that he tried out successfully in India. He is recognized as the first microbiologist who developed and used vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague. He tested the vaccines on himself. Lord Joseph Lister named him "a saviour of humanity".