During the period 1990 to 2003 earnings data show inequality persisted in Australia and increased in Western Australia despite legislation and repeated attempts to gain wage equality in the industrial relations system. The study concentrated on four female- and four male-dominated occupations where the literature and interviewees signaled inequality persisted. Unlike previous research in the area, a qualitative research approach was used: in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the industrial relations systems, triangulated with wage data. Interviewees felt that the persistence of gender wage inequality was a complex artifact of economic, industrial relations, social and cultural factors, joined with the biological and psychological attributes of all involved in decisions before and in the workplace. This book uniquely demonstrates why and how social and cultural influences also act to create persistent gender wage inequality. Despite legal action to create equality, the male and female players in the industrial relations system said that they had helped, if not consciously, to (re)construct the gender wage gap. The implications are that social and cultural action is also needed.

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