Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Woodward's rules, named after Robert Burns Woodward and also known as Woodward-Fieser rules (for Louis Fieser) are several sets of empirically derived rules which attempt to predict the wavelength of the absorption maximum ( max ) in an ultraviolet-visible spectrum of a given compound. Inputs used in the calculation are the type of chromophores present, the substituents on the chromophores, and shifts due to the solvent. Examples are conjugated carbonyl compounds conjugated dienes, and polyenes. One set of Woodward-Fieser rules for dienes is outlined in table 1. A diene is either homoannular with both double bonds contained in one ring or heteroannular with two double bonds distributed between two rings.

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